UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based metabolomics and analysis of the effect of Suanzaoren Decoction on serum of chronic unpredictable mild stress depression rats / 药学学报

A UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based metabolomic approach combined with biochemical assay and histopathological inspection were employed to study the intervention effects of Suanzaoren Decoction (SZRD) on chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) depression rats, and to clarify the metabolic regulation pathway of SZRD. The rats were randomly divided into normal control group, CUMS model group, positive drug venlafaxine group, SZRD high (24 g·kg-1) and low (12 g·kg-1) dose groups, respectively. The CUMS model was replicated by subjecting to a variety of stimulus, such as thermal stimulation, ice water swimming, ultrasonic stimulation, tail clamping, day and night reversal, plantar electric shock and so on for rats. After oral administration of drugs for 28 days, the behavioral indexes of rats in each group were observed and the hippocampus and serum samples of rats were collected for biochemical assay and histopathological inspection. Compared with the CUMS model group, low dose and high dose SZRD groups can significantly reduce the immobility time of forced swimming (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), increase the sucrose preference rate (P < 0.01, P < 0.05), the number of crossings (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and the number of uprights (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) in the open field test, suggesting that SZRD can significantly improve the depression-like behavior of CUMS model rats. In addition, SZRD could significantly reduce the levels of serum IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α of CUMS model rats. A total of 21 differential metabolites in serum were identified by comparison with the data from the literature and databases. In addition, low-dose SZRD and high-dose SZRD improved the 8 and 11 perturbed potential serum biomarkers that were induced by CUMS, respectively, which related to alanine, aspartic acid and glutamic acid, tryptophan and arachidonic acid metabolism. This study provides a scientific basis for expanding the clinical indications of SZRD. This experiment was approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi University (Approval No. SXULL2020028).

Study on the tissue distribution of eight effective components of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen aqueous extract by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry / 药学学报

The aim is to study the tissue distribution characteristics of eight effective components in normal rats after oral administration of Ziziphi Spinosae Semen (ZSS) aqueous extract. An ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) analysis method was developed and validated for the determination of four flavonoids and four saponins in rat tissue using puerarin and ginsenoside Re as the internal standard (IS), respectively. Tissue samples including the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, muscle, brain, small intestine, and serum, were collected from each rat at 0.5 h, 1.0 h, and 2.0 h after oral administration of ZSS aqueous extract (15 g·kg-1). All calibration curves exhibited good linearity (r > 0.994 6) over a wide concentration range for all components. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) at four different levels were both less than 19.77%, and the accuracies (RE) ranged from -19.68% to 19.46%; The extraction recoveries of the eight components ranged from 86.70% to 114.29%, and the matrix effects were from 82.14% to 114.57%. The validated method was successfully applied to the tissue distribution study of the eight components. The levels of swertisin, spinosin, 6‴-feruloylspinosin, and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside in the small intestine were highest, then followed by the kidney, heart, and liver. Meanwhile, the levels of jujuboside A (JuA), jujuboside B (JuB), and jujuboside A1 (JuA1) in the small intestine were highest, then followed by the lung, spleen, and kidney. The concentrations of betulinic acid in the small intestine were higher than heart, lung, kidney, and liver. The flavonoids and saponins of ZSS with extremely low content could pass through the blood-brain barrier. The research results will provide an experimental basis for explaining the mechanism of nourishing the heart and tranquilizing the mind of ZSS. The animal experimental operations involved in this study followed the regulations of the Animal Ethics Committee of Shanxi University of Chinese Medicine and passed the animal experimental ethical review (No. 2021DW172).

Efficacy and urodynamic analysis of robot assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the efficacy and safety of robot assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in the treatment of pelvic organ prolapse.Methods:The data of 16 patients who underwent robot assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy in Beijing Hospital from September 2019 to May 2022 were collected. The average age was (73.5±9.3) years, the preoperative course was 4-240 months, the body mass index was (24.2±1.7) kg/m 2, the number of births was (1.7±0.8), and the quantitative index of pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q) was grade Ⅲ -Ⅳ. The maximum urine flow rate before operation was (9.6±3.4) ml/s, the maximum detrusor pressure during urination was 26 (20, 32) cmH 2O, the first sense urine volume of the bladder was (119.1±39.4) ml, the first sense urine urgency volume of the bladder was (253.6±75.7) ml, the maximum bladder pressure capacity was (406.0±79.8) ml, and the residual urine volume was 10 (10, 28) ml. The preoperative PFDI-20 score was 100 (70, 122) and the PFIQ-7 score was 107 (90, 160). During the robot assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy, the right area of the sacral promontory was exposed, the anterior and posterior walls of the uterus were separated, and the 2 cm small hole was separated from the right broad ligament of the uterus. The mesh was cut into a "Y" shape and passed through the small hole. The anterior and posterior leaves of the Y-shaped mesh were sutured to fix the cervix, and the other end was fixed to the anterior longitudinal ligament of the sacrum. The operation time and intraoperative bleeding were observed. The effect of surgery was evaluated by preoperative and postoperative urodynamic imaging, POP-Q stage, PFDI-20 score and PFIQ -7 score. Results:All the 16 operations were successfully completed. No injury of urethra, bladder, rectum, important blood vessels and nerves occurred during the operation. The average operation time was (255.6±56.0) min, and the average amount of bleeding was (28.8±18.2) ml. There was no inhibitory contraction wave in 7 patients (44%) before operation, suggesting that there was detrusor overactivity. After operation, the detrusor overactivity disappeared or significantly decreased in 7 patients. The postoperative follow-up period was 3-36 months. During the follow-up period, one patient had recurrence, and the rest had no prolapse and urination problems. The POP-Q stage was reduced to grade 0-Ⅰ after the operation. The subjective satisfaction rate of patients was 94%. The PFDI-20 score [13(8, 24)] and PFIQ -7 score [11(6, 15)] after operation were significantly reduced ( P<0.001), the initial urgent volume of bladder (272.5±88.5) ml was significantly increased compared with that before operation ( P=0.038), and the maximum volume of bladder (427.2±79.2) ml was significantly increased compared with that before operation ( P=0.006). Image urodynamics showed that the patient basically recovered the pelvic floor anatomy and achieved functional reduction. Conclusions:Robot assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy has good subjective and objective effects in POP, low recurrence rate and less complications. It needs a larger sample size study for confirming the improvement of bladder function.

Clinical observation on perioperative complications of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy / 中华肿瘤杂志

Objective: To compare and analyze the perioperative clinical effects of minimally invasive Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy (MIE-Ivor-Lewis) and minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy (MIE-McKeown). Methods: A total of 147 patients who underwent endoscopic esophageal cancer surgery from April 2018 to August 2019 were selected, including 85 patients undergoing MIE-McKeown surgery and 62 patients undergoing MIE-Ivor-Lewis surgery. The measurement data were expressed as (x±s), the comparison of normally distributed measurement data was performed by independent sample t-test, and the comparison of count data was performed by χ(2) test or Fisher's exact test. Results: The operation time of McKeown (M) group and Ivor-Lewis (IL) group were (219.2±72.4) minutes and (225.8±65.3) minutes. The mediastinal lymph node dissection number of M and IL groups were 13.3±4.8 and 11.6±6.5, respectively. The number of left recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node dissection were 3.5±1.2 and 3.1±1.4, respectively. The intraoperative blood loss were (178.3±41.3) ml and (163.2±64.1) ml, respectively. The number of patients reoperated for postoperative bleeding were 1 and 0, respectively. The number of patients with postoperative gastric bleeding were 0 and 1, respectively. The postoperative chest tube retention time were (2.8±1.3) days and (3.1±1.2) days, respectively. The number of patients with anastomotic leakage were 7 and 1, respectively. The number of patients with lung infection were 13 and 5, respectively, and with chylothorax were 2 and 1, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P>0.05). The number of patients with hoarseness were 11 and 3, respectively. The total incidence of complication were 41.2% (35/85) and 17.7% (11/62), and the postoperative hospital stay were (14.7±6.5) days and (12.3±2.3) days, with statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion: MIE-Ivor-Lewis and MIE-McKeown are safe and effective in treating esophageal cancer, but the complication of MIE-Ivor-Lewis is less than that of MIE-Mckeown, and the perioperative clinical effect of MIE-Ivor-Lewis is better than that of MIE-McKeown.

Diagnostic efficiency and incremental value of myocardial blood flow quantification by CZT SPECT for patients with coronary artery disease / 中华心血管病杂志

Objective: To investigate the diagnostic efficiency and incremental value of quantitative myocardial blood flow measurements by Cadmium-Zine-Telluride (CZT) single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) dynamic myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with traditional semi-quantitative measurements by MPI. Methods: This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of patients with suspected or known CAD, who underwent the dynamic MPI quantitative blood flow measurement of CZT SPECT in TEDA International Cardiovascular Hospital from October 2018 to December 2020. Clinical data, semi-quantitative parameters (stress score (SS), rest score (RS) and different score (DS)) and myocardial quantitative blood flow parameters (rest myocardial blood flow (rMBF), stress myocardial blood flow (sMBF) and myocardial flow reserve (MFR)) were analyzed. According to the results of coronary angiography, patients were divided into the stenosis group and the control group with coronary artery stenosis ≥50% or ≥75% as the diagnosis criteria. The differences of quantitative and semi-quantitative parameters between the two groups were compared, and the diagnostic efficacy was compared by receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve. Results: A total of 98 patients with a mean age of (62.1±8.7) years were included in the study, including 66 males (67%). At the patient level, with the positive standard of coronary artery stenosis≥50%, the left ventricle (LV) stress MBF (LV-sMBF) ((1.36±0.45) ml·min-1·g-1) and LV-MFR (1.45±0.43) of the stenosis group were lower than the LV-sMBF ((2.09±0.64) ml·min-1·g-1) and LV-MFR (2.17±0.54) of control group; summed SS and summed DS were higher than control group (all P<0.05). With the positive standard of coronary artery stenosis ≥75%, the LV-sMBF ((1.19±0.34) ml·min-1·g-1) and LV-MFR (1.34±0.35) of stenosis group were lower than the LV-sMBF ((1.94±0.63) ml·min-1·g-1) and MFR (2.00±0.58) of control group; all semi-quantitative parameters were higher than control group (all P<0.05). At the vascular level, with coronary artery stenosis ≥50% as the diagnosis criteria, the sMBF ((1.26±0.49) ml·min-1·g-1) and MFR (1.35±0.46) of stenosis group were lower than the sMBF ((1.95±0.70) ml·min-1·g-1) and MFR (2.05±0.65) of control group; SS and DS were higher than control group (all P<0.05). With coronary artery stenosis≥75% as the diagnosis criteria, the sMBF ((1.12±0.41) ml·min-1·g-1) and MFR (1.25±0.38) of stenosis group were lower than the sMBF ((1.84±0.70) ml·min-1·g-1) and MFR (1.93±0.66) of control group; all semi-quantitative parameters were higher than control group (all P<0.05). With coronary artery stenosis≥50% as the diagnosis criteria and CAG as the reference standard, the AUC and 95%CI of myocardial quantitative blood flow parameters indicated by ROC curve for diagnosis of CAD were 0.830 (0.783-0.877). The sensitivity (86.1% vs. 61.5%), specificity (82.6% vs. 73.8%), positive predictive value (77.8% vs. 62.5%), negative predictive value (89.3% vs. 73.0%) and accuracy (84.0% vs. 68.7%) were all higher than the semi-quantitative parameters (all P<0.05). With coronary artery stenosis≥75% as the diagnosis criteria, the AUC and 95%CI of myocardial quantitative blood flow parameters indicated by ROC curve for diagnosis of CAD were 0.832(0.785-0.879). The sensitivity (89.2% vs. 67.6%), negative predictive value (95.5% vs. 86.2%) and accuracy (80.6% vs. 68.0%) were all higher than semi-quantitative parameters (all P<0.05). Conclusion: Compared with traditional SPECT MPI derived semi-quantitative parameters, diagnostic efficacy for CAD is higher using CZT SPECT quantitative myocardial blood flow parameters, this strategy thus has additional diagnostic benefits and incremental value on the diagnosis of CAD.

Exploration of the relationship between the urethral pressure profilometry and the complications of artificial urethral sphincter implantation / 中华泌尿外科杂志

Objective:To explore the potential relationship of urethral pressure profilometry and the complications of artificial urethral sphincter (AUS) implantation.Methods:The clinical data of patients who underwent AUS implantation in Beijing Hospital from March 2019 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were male. The average course of disease was 43.1 months(ranging 11-120 months). The average age was (68.6±13.2) years. The median number of pads used was 4.5 (3.0, 6.0). The preoperative maximum urethral pressure (MUP) was (84.6±25.5) cmH 2O, and the maximum urethral closure pressure (MUCP) was 51.0 (41.0, 74.0) cmH 2O. AUS implantation was performed through a single perineal incision in all patients. The sleeve size was mainly determined by the measured urethral circumference of the patient. After installation of all components, the urethral pressure profilometry was performed under the state of device inactivation and activation. The pump was activated 6 weeks after the operation, and telephone follow-up was performed 3 months after the activation of the device. The urinary control and complications were recorded. The results of follow-up were compared with the results of urethral pressure profilometry, and the preliminary conclusions were drawn. Results:In this study, 3 patients (20%) received 4.0cm cuffs, 10 patients (66.7%) received 4.5cm cuffs, and 2 patients (13.3%) received 5.0cm cuffs. The MUP and MUCP of AUS device in inactivated state were (82.5±30.2) cmH 2O and 51.0(48.0, 77.0) cmH 2O. In the activated state, MUP was (138.9±21.7) cmH 2O and MUCP was 109.0(94.0, 133.0) cmH 2O. Compared with that before operation, the urethral pressure in the inactivated state did not increase significantly (all P > 0.05), while the urethral pressure in the activated state increased significantly (all P < 0.001). The patients were followed-up for 3-33 months. Thirteen patients (86.7%) used the initial installation device, and all of them met the standard of social continence. One patient died of cerebrovascular accident. One patient took out the device due to urethral erosion. The incidence of complications was 26.7% (4/15), including painless hematuria in 2 cases, scrotum and penis infection in 1 case, and urethral erosion in 1 case. The MUP and MUCP of these patients were (100.0 ± 40.7) cmH 2O and (80.8 ± 39.7) cmH 2O respectively. In the intraoperative active state, the MUP was (151.5 ± 15.3) cmH 2O and the MUCP was (123.0 ± 17.2) cmH 2O. The MUP of the other 3 patients in the device activation state was significantly higher than the average value, and all of them were above 150 cm H 2O, except one patient who was infected due to cognitive problems and chronic urinary retention. In 11 patients without complications, the MUP and MUCP were (76.1±24.7) cmH 2O and (55.1±20.0) cmH 2O respectively. In the intraoperative active state, the MUP was (134.4±22.5) cmH 2O and the MUCP was (108.5±29.8) cmH 2O. Conclusions:AUS implantation has a definite curative effect. Poor comprehension, and MUP higher than 150 cmH 2O in the activated state of the device may be risk factors for complications.

Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019 / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of elderly patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19), in order to provide scientific evidence for the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19 in elderly patients.Methods:Clinical data of 102 patients with COVID-19 admitted to the B11 East Ward of the Zhongfaxincheng campus and the E1-3 ward of the Guanggu Campus of Tongji Hospital affiliated to Huazhong University of Science and Technology in Wuhan from 1 February 2020 to 28 February 2020 were retrospectively collected and analyzed.Patients were categorized into 2 groups: the elderly group(≥60 years old)and the young and middle-aged group(<60 years old). Differences in epidemiological features, demographics, clinical symptoms, laboratory results and imaging findings between the two groups were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Among 102 patients with COVID-19, 58 were in the elderly group(≥60 years old), with a median age of 67.0(63.8, 71.0)years old, and 44 in the young and middle-aged group(<60 years old), with a median age of 47.5(38.0, 51.8)years old.There was no significant difference in gender ratio between the two groups( χ2=0.033, P=0.855). Of 102 patients, 42.0%(21/50)had close contact with an infected person, 14.0%(7/50)were from infection clusters, and 18.0%(9/50)had suspected hospital-acquired infections.Fever and cough remained the most common symptoms, but gastrointestinal symptoms such as nausea, poor appetite, diarrhea and muscle cramps were also warning signs.Fatigue and cough were the most common presenting symptoms in elderly male patients.Bilateral patchy infiltrates(57.9%, 22/38)and ground-glass opacities(42.1%, 16/38)were the main imaging features and 42.1%(16/38)patients had multiple areas of the lungs involved.Over 50% patients had increased levels of blood glucose, D-dimer, fibrinogen, C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, multiple cytokines and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, as well as decreased levels of albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, lymphocytes and serum calcium.Compared with the young and middle-aged group, the elderly group had higher rates of abnormality in levels of D-dimer and serum calcium( χ2=7.067 and 4.166, P=0.008 and 0.041). Conclusions:Fever and cough are the most common symptoms in elderly patients with COVID-19.Elderly patients with COVID-19 have multiple abnormalities in clinical laboratory test results, which show a certain level of specificity compared with young and middle-aged patients.

The value of serum IL-23 levels in predicting the progression of metastatic prostate cancer / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the value of serum IL-23 in predicting the progression of prostate cancer at different stages of treatment.Methods:A total of 124 patients with metastatic prostate cancer diagnosed in Beijing Hospital from June 2018 to March 2019 were collected.Patients were TNM-staged according to the Prostate Cancer Guidelines of the European Association of Urology.Serum IL-23 levels were measured in patients with metastatic castration resistance prostate cancer(mCRPC), metastatic castration sensitive prostate cancer(mCSPC)and benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH), respectively.Patients with mCRPC were subgrouped based on disease stability, and serum IL-23 levels were compared between the subgroups.Serum IL-23 levels in the groups were analyzed and compared with the Gleason score and the prostate-specific antigen(PSA)level.Results:The median value of serum IL-23 in the mCRPC group was 79.73(45.61, 95.63)μg/L, which was higher than that in the BPH group[30.88(15.01, 44.94)μg/L, Z=22.66, P=0.000]and the mCSPC group[46.10(35.27, 80.92)μg/L, Z=11.46, P=0.001]. Serum IL-23 levels were higher in the mCSPC group than in the BPH group( Z=7.17, P=0.007). Analysis for the subgroups showed that the median value of serum IL-23 was 110.25(88.47, 159.09)μg/L in mCRPC patients with unstable disease, which was higher than that in mCRPC patients with stable disease[46.52(44.97, 80.33)μg/L, Z=33.99, P=0.000]. There was no significant difference in serum IL-23 levels between mCRPC patients with stable disease and mCSPC patients[46.10(35.27, 80.92)μg/L]( Z=0.35, P=0.554). Conclusions:Serum IL-23 can be used as a potential biological indicator to predict the therapeutic effect of mCSPC and to predict tumor metastasis.

Efficacy and safety of robotic arm assisted laparoscopic hysterosacral fixation in patients with pelvic organ prolapse / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of robotic arm assisted laparoscopic hysterosacral fixation in patients with pelvic organ prolapse(POP), and its impact on lower urinary tract function.Methods:This study retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of POP patients who had undergone robotic arm assisted laparoscopic hysterosacral fixation at our center from June 2019 to October 2020, and conducted exploratory research.Results:A total of 6 patients were included in the study, with POP quantitative staging above stage Ⅲ.The ages ranged from 70 to 82 years.The number of births each patient had given ranged from 1 to 3, & all were via vaginal deliveries.There were no significant changes in urodynamic parameter scores in any patients before and after surgery, but half of the patients had detrusor overactivity before surgery, which all disappeared after surgery.In addition, synchronous X-ray images showed that the postoperative pelvic organs were closer to the normal anatomical position.At the same time, quantitative staging of POP had achieved clear improvement, and related scale scores also significantly improved.One patient complained of occasional lumbar and back discomfort with postoperative over-stretching during outpatient review, which improved after symptomatic treatment.Conclusions:robotic arm assisted Laparoscopic hysterosacral fixation is satisfactory in efficacy and safety for POP patients, with good postoperative restoration of the uterus to the anatomical position and has insignificant influence on the function of the lower urinary tract.It is worth further assessment for wide application.

Nutritional therapy for severe acute pancreatitis: assessment, route and timing / 中华临床营养杂志

Nutritional support is one of the core issues in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Recently, with continued advances in this field, more and more evidences were found in the strategies, methods and routes of nutritional support for patients with SAP. Meanwhile, with deeper understanding of pathogenesis and metabolic characteristics of severe patients in acute phase, we may have a better understanding in the strategies of nutritional support from the pathogenesis and pathophysiology aspects. In this paper, we discuss the hotspots and challenges over recent year in the nutritional support of SAP. We aim to give a clear insight into current progress and help to individualize the nutritional program.

Effect of circhipk3 on polarization of microglial cells in nerve injury caused by heat radiation / 中华急诊医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the expression of circhipk3 in microglial cells in heat-induced neurological injury, and to preliminary analyze the effect of circhipk3 on microglial polarization in heat-induced neurological injury.Methods:Mice were randomly (random number) divided into a control group and a heat radiation disease 0.8 h group (HS 0.8), a heat radiation disease 8h group (HS 8), and a heat radiation disease 24 h group (HS 24). By establishing a mouse model of heat shock (HS), heat-damaged brain tissue was obtained, microglia were isolated and RNA was extracted. Quantitative PCR method was used to detect M1 and M2 marker molecules in microglia, and to evaluate the polarization direction and type of microglia. The expression level of circhipk3 was detected in microglial cells in heat-induced neurological injury, and the effect of circhipk3 on microglial polarization was further elucidated by intervening the expression of circhipk3 in microglial cells.Results:The expression of CD45 and CD11-b in the HS 8 group was significantly higher than that in the control group [(4.41±0.18) vs. (1±0.15), P=0.000], [(3.47±0.19) vs (1±0.15), P=0.000] , and the CD45 and CD11-b of the HS 24 group was significantly lower than that of the HS 8 group [(1.34±0.15) vs. (4.41±0.18), P=0.000], [(1.38±0.21) vs. (3.47±0.19), P= 0.001]. At the same time, the expression of CD206, FIZZ and Arg1 in the HS 8 group started to increase compared with the control group [(1.59±0.16) vs. (1±0.12), P=0.014], [(1.62±0.15) vs. (1±0.15), P=0.002 ], [(2.23±0.28) vs. (1±0.19), P=0.004], and CD206, FIZZ, and Arg1 in the HS 24 group were significantly higher than those in the control group [(2.67±0.20) vs. (1±0.12), P=0.002], [(2.19±0.15) vs. (1±0.15), P=0.000], [(3.04±0.18) vs. (1±0.19), P=0.001]; circhipk3 mimicis significantly increased the expression of Arg1 [(7.26± 0.06) vs. (3.86±0.06), P=0.000]; at the same time, circhipk3 inhibitor promoted the expression of CD45 and HO-1 [(2.96±0.03) vs. (1.63±0.09), P=0.000], [(2.52±0.10) vs. ( 1.30±0.02), P=0.000]. Conclusions:Microglial cells are predominantly M1-type in early neurological injury of heat radiation disease. HO-1 may be one of the microglial M1-type markers. The high expression of circhipk3 in microglial cells mainly promotes its transformation to M2 type.

Research progress and application of nanopore sequencing technology / 生物工程学报

Sequencing technology has been greatly improved in terms of throughput and cost. The single-molecule nanopore DNA sequencing, one of the major branches of the third-generation sequencing technology, has made great contributions in the fields of medicine and life sciences due to its advantages of ultra-long reading length, real-time detection and direct detection of base methylation modification, etc. This article briefly describes the principle of nanopore sequencing technology, and discusses its application in clinical, animal, plant, bacterial and virus fields and its future development direction.

The efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor Ⅶ on uncontrolled perioperative hemorrhage in elderly patients / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor Ⅶ(rFⅦa)on uncontrolled perioperative hemorrhage in elderly patients in surgical intensive care unit(SICU).Methods:Clinical data of 27 elderly patients with uncontrolled perioperative hemorrhage treated successfully with rFⅦa in surgery-ICU of our hospital from May 2004 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.And the application method and experience were summarized.Results:Of the 27 patients, 16 cases were cured, 11 cases died, and the total fatality rate was 40.74%(11/27). The bleeding stopped in 23 cases, four cases died of uncontrolled peri-operative hemorrhage, and the hemorrhage-caused fatality rate was 14.81%(4/27). Seven patients died of primary diseases after the control of bleeding, with a fatality rate of 25.93%(7/27 ). The thrombin time(TT), prothrombin time(PT), activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT)and international normalized ratio(INR)were reduced and the prothrombin activity(AT)was increased after versus before the application of rFⅦa( Z=-2.197, -3.180, -2.271, -2.803 and 2.756, P=0.028, 0.001, 0.023, 0.005 and 0.006, respectively). Conclusions:rFⅦa has a better effect on uncontrolled peri-operative hemorrhage in elderly patients, when traditional treatments are ineffective.

Mechanism study of the transmission of moxibustion heat in human acupoint tissues / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective:To discuss the topical action characteristics of the biological transmission of moxibustion heat via temperature collection and numerical modeling.Methods:Temperature of moxibustion was measured at multiple points at a distance of 3 cm to obtain the moxibustion temperature field nephograms by the high-accuracy temperature measure array.Finite element analysis was used to imitate the three-dimensional dynamic distribution of temperature in acupoint tissues.Results:Through numerical analysis,the one-dimensional,two-dimensional and three-dimensional distributions of temperature in human acupoint tissues at 5 min of moxibustion were established.The result showed that moxibustion heat mainly transmitted from the surface of the tissue to the internal,and the influence of moxibustion heat decreased with the depth of the tissue.The analysis of the nephograms of acupoint tissue temperature at 5,10,15 and 20 min of moxibustion showed that with the increase of the moxibustion time,the temperature in acupoint tissues constantly rose,and the transmission depth of moxibustion heat also further expanded inside acupoint.Conclusion:By establishing the three-dimensional dynamic model of heat transmission inside acupoint tissues with the biological parameters of human tissues and the temperature values obtained,this study used finite element analysis software ANSYS 14.0 and discovered the rules in the transmission of heat in body tissues during moxibustion,and the features in moxibustion heat transmission (from the proximal to the distant) and heat penetration (from the surface to the internal).This study provides theoretical and experimental support for the application of moxibustion in clinical practice.

Experience of Interventional Thrombolysis Therapy for Massive Pulmonary Thrombosis Embolism after Video-assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery for Lung Cancer / 中国肺癌杂志

BACKGROUND@#Pulmonary thrombosis embolism (PTE) is one of the most severe complications of perioperative radical mastectomy. Massive PTE is often accompanied by shock and hypotension which is characterized by rapid progression and high mortality. There is no standard for the treatment of these patients, which is thoracic surgery, and it is a critical issue in the thoracic surgeons. This article summarizes and analyzes the treatment of two patients with high-risk PTE at the early stage of postoperative lung cancer in our hospital. In addition, we discusses the diagnosis and treatment strategies of these cases to provide a reference for the thoracic surgeons.@*METHODS@#We presented two patients with high-risk PTE at the early stage after thoracic surgery for radical surgery in our hospital back in 2017. One case was treated with intravenous venous interventional thrombolysis, and the other was treated with thrombolysis alone. The treatment effect of two patients and the complications during the treatment has been recorded to detail and summarized.@*RESULTS@#Both patients were female who aged 66 and 61 years old. The time point of pulmonary embolism was 48 h and 45 h after operation, and the time of interventional thrombolysis was 70 minutes and 50 minutes after onset respectively. After 120 minutes and 100 minutes, the drainage after interventional thrombolysis was 4,690 mL and 520 mL respectively. The hospitalization time after thrombolysis was 21 days and 14 days respectively. There was no obvious complication through a follow-up of 6 months.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Early postoperative acute massive pulmonary embolism in lung cancer should be treated with pulmonary interventional thrombolysis as soon as possible. Compared with intravenous thrombolysis, pulmonary interventional thrombolysis shows accuracy, easy controlling of dosage, fast curative effect and low bleeding risk.

Effect of RELMα/FIZZ1 signaling pathway on angiogenesis: cytological study / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the RELMα/FIZZ1 signaling pathway on the regulation of the Ca 2+/CaM sig-naling pathway in the mouse aortic smooth muscle cells MOVAS and on the formation of blood vessels in the mouse aortic endothelial cells(MAEC).METHODS:The MAEC cultured in vitro were divided into pGSadeno-HK group,pGSadeno-RELMα/FIZZ1 group,pGSadeno-shRNA control group and pGSadeno-shRNA RELMα/FIZZ1 group.MTT assay was used to detect the viability of the MAEC.The formation of stroma tubes was observed for determining angiogenesis.The MOVAS cells cultured in vitro were also divided into pGSadeno-HK group,pGSadeno-RELMα/FIZZ1 group,pGSadeno-shRNA con-trol group and pGSadeno-shRNA RELMα/FIZZ1 group.The viability of MOVAS cells was measured by MTT assay.Fluo-3 AM fluorescence probe was used to detect intracellular Ca 2+concentration.The expression of calmodulin(CaM)and my-osin light chain kinase(MLCK)at mRNA and protein levels was determined by real-time PCR and Western blot.RE-SULTS:Over-expression of RELMα/FIZZ1 significantly promoted the viability of the MAEC.The number of lumen forma-tion was increased significantly(P<0.05).Knockdown of the RELM α/FIZZ1 expression inhibited the viability and lumen formation of MAEC(P <0.05).Over-expression of RELMα/FIZZ1 significantly promoted the viability of the MOVAS cells,enhanced the mean fluorescence intensity of intracellular Ca 2+,and the expression of CaM and MLCK at mRNA and protein levels was significantly increased.Knockdown of the RELMα/FIZZ1 expression significantly inhibited the viability of the MOVAS cells,the mean fluorescence intensity of Ca 2+was decreased, the expression of CaM and MLCK at mRNA and protein levels was decreased significantly(P<0.05).CONCLUSION:RELMα/FIZZ1 signaling pathway is involved in the angiogenesis,and the mechanism may be related to the changes of intracellular Ca 2+concentration and then to regu-late the intracellular CaM and MLCK expression.

Preparation of high-quality successive paraffin sections of rat brain tissue / 第二军医大学学报

Objective To investigate the methods of preparing high-quality successive paraffin sections of rat brain tissue. Methods Rats were anesthetized and transcardiac perfusion fixation was performed for collecting brain tissue. Then the brain was sequentially cut into 3mm-thick blocks and immersed in fixative; dehydrated in a gradient ethanol series, with 95% ethanol 2 times for 1 hour each, and ethanol 2 times for 30 minutes each; cleared with xylene 2 times for 10 minutes each; dipped wax at 60° with paraffin of melt point 56~58° for 1 hour then followed by melt point 58~60° for 2 hours; and embedded with the same paraffin as the second waxdip. 4μm sections were sliced with new knives, flattened with 42° water bath, and attached with adhesion slides. Results After perfusion fixation the brain tissue appeared milk-white and had certain toughness; through xylene clearing the brain presented totally transparent, without any cloudy structure; and at thickness counting approximate 80μm, we could harvest high-quality consecutive sections. The result of HE staining turned favourable, the microscopic histological structure were intact, cell nucleus and plasma were fresh; and there was also less section tissue fading during immunohistochemistry staining. Conclusion Perfusion fixation, time of dehydration and clearing, selection of waxdip and embedding, temperature of flattening water bath and the use of adhesion slides, are the key factors to the preparation of high-quality successive paraffin sections of rat brain tissue.

Effect of Exendin-4 on oxidative stress and neural apoptosis following spinal cord injury / 天津医药

Objective To study the effect of Exendin-4 on oxidative stress and neural apoptosis following spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods Adult male SD rats, with weight between 200-250 g, were randomly divided into three groups (12 in each group):Sham group, SCI group and Exendin-4 group (Ex-4 group). Rats in Sham group achieved spinal cord exposure. SCI group and Ex-4 group were induced according to Allen′s test (using a weight-drop device). Rats in Ex-4 group were ad?ministrated with Exendin-4 (10 μg/rat) through intraperitoneal injection immediately after establishment of SCI models. Rats in Sham group and SCI group were given the same volume of normal saline solution instead. Level of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of catalase (CAT) were assessed in spinal cord tissues 24 hour after drug administrations. Neural apoptosis was detected by TUNEL staining and the expression levels of caspase-9 and AIF were determined using Western blot. Results Compared with Sham group, the levels of MDA, caspase-9 and AIF as well as neuronal apoptosis rate in?creased obviously, while activity of CAT decreased markedly in SCI group(P<0.01). Compared with SCI group, the levels of MDA, caspase-9 and AIF as well as the neuronal apoptosis rate decreased obviously, while activity of CAT increased re?markably in Exendin-4 group(P < 0.01). Conclusion Exendin-4 restrain neural apoptosis following spinal cord injury through relieving oxidative damage.

Preliminary mechanism of edaravone against cell apoptosis after spinal cord injury in rats / 天津医药

Objective To investigate the effects of edaravone (EDA) on cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticu?lum stress (ESR) after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats. Methods Thirty-six healthy adult SD rats were randomly divided in?to three groups (12 rats for each group):Sham group, SCI group and EDA group. The rat model of SCI was made by Allen’s method and the sham group was only received laminectomy and kept the spinal cord intact. Rats in sham group and SCI group accepted the same volume and frequency of saline injection as EDA group. The EDA group was given 10 mg/kg EDA once every 12 h intraperitoneally. Three days after injuring, the spinal cords were harvested, and the protein levels of C/EBP homologous protein (CHOP), Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were detected by Western blot assay. Immunofluo?rescence staining was used to analyze the positive ratio of caspase-12 and CHOP in spinal cord of three groups. Meanwhile, TUNEL staining was used to identify cell apoptosis of spinal cord. Results Compared with sham group, the protein levels of CHOP, Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were obviously higher in SCI group (P<0.01);the proportion of Cas?pase-12 and CHOP positive cells was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the apoptotic rates were also significantly in?creased in spinal cord (P<0.01). However, compared with SCI group, the protein levels of CHOP , Cleaved caspase-12 and Cleaved caspase-3 were significantly decreased in EDA group (P<0.01);the proportion of Caspase-12 and CHOP positive cells was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the apoptotic rates were also significantly decreased in spinal cord (P<0.01). Conclusion EDA has neuroprotective potential to spinal cord injury. The mechanism of its neuroprotective effect may asso?ciate with its inhibitory effect to the cell apoptosis induced by endoplasmic reticulum stress after SCI.

Progress on suxamethonium chloride analysis / 法医学杂志

Abstract: Suxamethonium chloride is a depolarizing muscle relaxant used in general anesthesia. In overdose, it causes adverse reactions such as bradycardia, arrhythmia, cardiac arrest, and death. The article reviews the progress on testing methods of suxamethonium chloride such as infrared spectroscopy, chemical color reaction, chemical titration, enzyme electrode, chromatography and mass spectrometry.